328

(pages 214 - 231) Notes 21. Karal, Halot, pp. 32 - 44, and 62. On Halet's audience with Napo

leon, see B. Flemming "H?let Efendis zweite Audienze bel Napo

leon," Rocznik Orientalistyczny 37 (1976):129 - 36. 22. Asim, 1: 62, 76, 78, 175, 265, and 374 - 376 23. Abu Talib, Mesir. p. 242; cf. Stewart, 2:55. 24. Ibid., pp. 250 - 51; cf. Stewart, 2:81. 25. Qazvini, ed, Wüstenfeld, p. 410; cf. Jacob, pp. 21 - 22. 26. Usama, pp. 138 - 39; cf. Hitti, pp. 167 - 68. 27. Jabarti, 3:117 ff. 28. Abu Talib, Masir. pp. 278 - 79; cf. Stewart, pp. 101 - 4. 29. Rifa'a, pp. 120 and 148.

الفصل التاسع

1. B. Goldstein, "The Survival of Arabic Astronomy in Hebrew,"

Journal for the History of Arab Srience 3 (Spring, 1979): 31 - 45 2. Us?ma, pp. 132 - 33; cf. Hitti, p. 162. 3. U. Heyd, "The Ottoman 'Uliema and Westernization in the Time

of Selim III and Mahmud II," Scripta Hierosolymitana, Vol. IX: Studies in Islamic History and Civilization, ed. U. Heyd (Jerusalem, 1961), pp.

74 - 77. 4. Qur'an, 9.36. 5. On mining in the Ottoman Empire, see R. Anhegger, Beitraege zur

Geschichte des Bergbaus im Osmantischen Reich (Istanbul, 1943). 6. On these matters I have profited from a paper by Dr. Rhoads

Murphey, "The Ottomans and Technology," presented to the Second International Congress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey, Strasbourg, 1980. The Ottoman use of firearms was extensively discussed by V. J. Parry in E/2., s.v. "B?rüd" and in "Materials of War in the Ottoman Empire," Studies in the Economic History of

the Middle East, ed. M. A. Cook (London, 1970), pp. 219 - 29. . 7. U. Heyd, "Moses Hamon, Chief Jewish Physician to Sultan Suley

man the Magnificent," Orierts 16 (1963): 153, citing Nicholas de

Nicolay, bk. 3, chap. 12. 8. Ibid., Nicholas de Nicolay, loc. cit., "bien sçavants en la The?rique

et experimentez en pratique." 9. U. Heyd, "An Unknown Turkish Treatise by a Jewish Physician

under Suleyman the Magnificent," Eretz-israel 7 (1963): 48 - 53. 10. U. Heyd, "Moses Hamon .... " pp. 168 - 69. 11. Adnan-Adivar, Science, pp. 97 - 98; lim, pp. 112 - 13. 12. Idem, Science, pp. 128 - 29; Tim, pp. 141 - 43.