Notes (pages 231 - 241)

• 329 13. Mehmed Said, pp. 26 ff and 122; cf. French transl. pp. 36 - 40, 186

90. 14. Tarih-i Tzzi (Istanbul, 1199 A.H.), pp. 190 a-190 b. 15. Busbecq, pp. 213 - 14; cf. E. G. Forster, p. 135; cf. Forster and

Daniell, 1:125. 16. O. Kurz, European Clocks and Watches in the Near East (London, 1975),

PP. 70 - 71, citing Rousseau, Confessions, English transl. (1891), p. 3; Voltaire, Correspondence, ed. T. Bestermann, vol. 78 (Geneva 1962), p. 127; and S. Tekeli, 16 inci As?rda Osmanl?larda saat ve Takiyuddin in

Mekanik saat konstruksuyonouna dair en parlak y?ld?zlar "adh eseri (Ankara, 1966). 17. J?mi, Salamanda-Absal (Tehran, 1306 s), p. 36; English translation by

A. J. Arberry, Fitzgerald's Salaman and Absal (Cambridge, 1956), p. 146 cit. Lynn White Jr., Medicine, Religion and Technology (Berkeley and Los

Angeles, 1978), p. 88. 18. Janikli Ali Pasha's memorandum survives in a ms. in the Upsala

University Library. 19. Adnan-Adivar, Srience, pp. 142 ff; llim. pp. 161 - 63. 20. Baron F. de Tott, Memoires. (Maestricht, 1785) 3:149. 21. G. Toderini, Letteratura lurchesca, (Venice, 1787) 1:177 ff. 22. Aubert du Bayet (later Dubayet) was born in New Orleans and had

fought in the American Revolution under Lafayette. He had been active in the French Revolution from the start and sat in the French

legislative assembly as deputy for Grenoble. 23. B. Lewis, Emergence, pp. 85 ff.

الفصل العاشر

1. S.K. Yetkin, L'Architecture Turgwe en Turquie (Paris, 1962), pp. 133 ff. 2. Mehmed Said, p. 199; cf. Kreutel and Spies (Bonn, 1954), p. 71,

where the same saying is quoted. 3. A. Refik, Hieri on ikinci as?rda Ishanbul hayah /1100 - 1200/ (Istanbul, 1930), p. 58; Adnan-Adivar, Science, pp. 125 - 26; idem, lim. p. 133;

Berkes, Secularism, p. 27. 4. Karal, Tanzimat, p. 19; Berkes, Secularism, p. 33. 5. Mehmed Said, p. 91; cf. French transl., p. 137. 6. Ibid., pp. 139 - 40; cf. French transl., p. 214. 7. Ibid., p. 78; cf. French transl., p. 118. 8. Ibid., p. 109; cf. French transl., p. 163. Behzad was a famous Persian

painter; Mani, the founder of the Manichean religion, is famed in Muslim legend as a great artist.