Notes

الفصل الأول

1 Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. J.B Bury

(London, 1909/1914), vol. 6, chap. 52 - 16 2 Zuhri, Kihab al-Dhuraiyar Mappemonde du Calife al-Ma'mun te

produite par Fazari (III/IX s.) rééditée et commentée par Zuhri (Vle/XII s), ed M. Hadj-Sadok in Bulletin d'étude orientales 21(1968)

77/230; cf French transl., p. 39 3. Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Futih Misr wa-akhbaruha, ed. C. C. Torrey (New

Haven. 1922), pp 216 - 217. 4. Ibn al-Qalinasi, Dhavi ta'rith Dimashy (History of Damascus 365 - 555 AH), ed. H. F Amedroz (Beirut, 1908), p. 134, cf. English transl. H.A.R. Gibb, The Damascus Chronides of the Crusades. (London, 1932),

p. 41. 5. Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamili tarikh, ed. C. J. Thornberg (Leiden, 1851

1876), 10:185, year 491. 6. Ibrd., 10: 192 - 193, year 492. 7 E. Ashtor, "The Social Isolation of the Ahladh-Dhimma, "Pal Hirschler

Memorial Bank (Budapest, 1949), pp. 73 - 94. 8. Abu Shama, Kitab al-Rawadahan fi athbur al-daulatayn, 2 nd edition, ed.

M. Hilmi Ahmad (Cairo, 1962), 1 pt 2: 621 - 622