314

(pages 86 - 92) Notes 22. Seid Mustafa, Diatribe de l'ingénieur sur l'état actuel de l'art militaire, du

génie et des sciences d Constantinople (Scutari, 1803; reprinted by L. Langlès, Paris, 1810), pp. 16 - 17. According to Langlès, Seid Mustafa was a graduate and later a teacher of engineering. Hammer-Purgstall, however, says that "Seid Mustafa" was a fiction and that the tract was written at the request of the Reis Efendi by the Greek dragoman Yakovaki Argyropoulo. On Y. Argyropoulo, a key figure in the early translation movement, see "Jacques Argyropoulos,

Magasin Pittoresque (1865), pp. 127 - 28. 23. ?anizade, Tarih (Istanbul, 1290 - 1291 A.H.), 4: 33 - 35; cf. Cevdet, 11:

43 and [J. E. de Kay) Sketches of Turkey in 1831 and 1832 (New York,

1833). 24. B. Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, pp. 88 - 89. 25. S. Unver, Tanzimat, 1, Turkish Ministry of Education (Istanbul,

1940), pp. 940 - 41.

الفصل الرابع

1. For contrasting views on the significance of the Hellenistic element in Islamic civilization and of the resulting affinities with Christendom, see C.H. Becker, Islamstudien, vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1924), especially chapters 1, 2, 3, and 14; and also J?rg Kraemer, Das Problem der Islamischen Kulturgeschichte (Tübingen, 1959). 2. Ibn al-Faqih, cited in Yaqut, Mu'jam al-buidan, s.v. "R?miya." 3. Part of his account is preserved and quoted in Ibn Rusteh, Kitab al

Aflag al-mafisa, ed. M. J. De Goeje (Leiden, 1892), pp. 119 - 130. See further, Encyclopedia of Islam, 2 nd ed., s.v. 'H?r?n b. Yahya' (M. Izze

din). The Encyclopedia of Islam will hereafter be cited as Eli. or El 2 .. 4. The Kadi's memoirs were published by I. Parmaks?zolu, "Bir Türk

kad?s?n?n esaret hat?ralan," Tarih Dergisi 5 (1953): 77 - 84. 5. On Osman A?a, see above Chap. 3, n. 7. On other prisoners, see

O. Spies, "Schicksale Türkischer Kriegsgefangener in Deutschland nach den Türkenkrieg", Festschrift Werner Caskel, ed. E. Graf (Leiden, 1968), pp. 316 - 35. 6. Us?ma, Kitab al-/hb?r, ed. P.K. Hitti (Princeton, 1930), p. 132; cf. English transl., P.K. Hitti, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the

Period of the Crusades (New York, 1929), p. 161. 7. On this story, see V. Barthold, "Karl Veliki i Harun ar-Rashid,"

Sacineniya 6 (Moscow, 1966): 342 - 64; Arabic transl. in V. V. Barthold, Dirasat i tarikh Filastin F 1 - usir al-lousta, trans. A. Haddad