18. Alan Schom. Napoleon Bonaparte (New York: Harper Perennial.

1998), pp. 26 - 27; cf. Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne. Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, ed. R. W. Phipps, 4 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992), pp. 28 - 37.

19. Michel Poniatowski, Talleyrand et le Directoire, 1796 - 1800 (Paris:

Librairie Académique Perrin, 1982), pp. 432 - 434, 454 - 456.

20. Shaw, Between Old and New. pp. 255 - 257; Soysal, Fransiz ihtilali.

pp. 208 - 254.

مراسلات رو فان الواردة في هذه الفقرة وما يليها من فقرات مستمدة من:.21

Ruffin/Talleyrand, 14 Thermidor 6 (1 August 1798); and Rullin/T'alleyrand, 23 Thermidor 6 (10 August 1798), in La Jonquière, 2:600 - 609; see also Soysal, Fransiz Ihtilali. p. 241.

22. Bonaparte/Grand Vizir. 5 Fructidor 6 (22 August 1798), in

Napoléon, Corr. 4:379, no. 3076.

23. Shaw, Between Old and New, pp. 263 - 265; Soysal, Fransiz Ihtilali.

pp. 243 - 44; Izzet Hasan Efendi Darendeli, al-Hamlah al-Firansiyyah 'ala Misr (Daw Makhtut 'Uthmani, trans. Jamal Sa'id 'Abd alGhani (Cairo: al-Hay'ah al-Misriyyah al-'Ammah li'l-Kitab, 1999). pp. 182 - 183, 188 - 195.

24. Soysal, Fransiz Ihtilali, p. 244; La Jonquière. 2:233 - 235

25. Imperial Firman, ca. 1 September 1798. in Joseph Kabrda. Quelques

firmains concernant les relations Franco-Turques lors de l'expédition

527