contemporaine, 2 vols. (Paris: Vernarel et Tenon, 1825), 1:72, 182, 194,

199; al-Jabarti, Aja'ib, 3:19.

26. Napoléon, Corr., 4:267, no. 2860.

27. Eugène de Beauharnais, Mémoires et correspondance politique et

militaire du prince Eugène, ed. Albert du Casse (Paris: Michel Lévy frères, 1858), pp. 43 - 44. For Nefise see Agnieszka Dobrowolska, "Lady Nafisa and her sabil," Al-Ahram Weekly Online, no. 757 (2531 August 2005) at

<http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/757/heritage.htm>.

28. Niello Sargy, 1:182.

الاقتباسات من نيلو سارجي في الفقرات التالية ترد من المصدر نفسه.

29. André Raymond, Artisans et commerçants au Caire au XVIIIe siècle (Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1999); idem, Arab Cities in the Ottoman Period (London: Ashgate, 2002), chapter 15; Gabriel Baer, Egyptian Guilds in Modern Times (Jerusalem: Israel Oriental Society, 1964); Pascale Ghazaleh, Masters of the Trade: Crafts and Craftspeople in Cairo, 1750 - 1850 (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1999).

30. Napoléon. Corr., 4:294, no. 2920.

31. André Raymond, Le Caire des Janissaires: L'apogée de la ville

ottomane sous 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda (Paris: CRNS Editions, 1995), p. 68; for coffee in the eighteenth century, see Raymond,

506