An-Nawaw? said: ‘As for the Ma’m?m and the Munfarid, they should recite Takb?r in a low voice that they could hear themselves -provided they have good hearing faculty and do not suffer from any hearing problems. This ruling encompasses also the act of reciting Qur’?n, Takb?r, Tasb?h in Ruk?‘ , reciting Tashahhud, Tasl?m and Du‘?’ whether in obligatory or optional Sal?t. One will not be rewarded for his/her Sal?t till one recites all its ‘Athk?r in a low voice that one could hear. As for those having hearing problems, they could raise their voices till they could hear themselves otherwise they will not be rewarded for their Sal?t. This opinion is held by Ash-Sh?fi’i and his followers. His followers recommended that a muslim may raise his voice till one and the one beside hear it, no more than that, as Ash-Sh?fi’i stated in Al ‘Umm’. (1)

Ash-Sh?fi’i followers stated that the one who temporarily became deaf should move his/ her tongue when reciting the ‘Athk?r in Sal?t according to one’s capacity. (2)

The Jumh?r held the opinion that a muslim doing Sal?t should recite its ‘Athk?r in a voice he/she could hear. M?lik followers, however, stated that it suffices a muslim to move his / her tongue with them. But the recommendation is to raise his/her voice -in order to bring closer different opinions. (3)

According to previous discussion, one realizes:

[2/ 18] The falsehood of the view that the one who spends the night at his friend’s house and wakes up at night in a state of Jan?bah is permitted to do Sal?t without having to move his tongue at all in order to drive away suspicion. This view does not hold water.

This view is held by some Hanaf?s such as Ab? Y?suf who permitted the traveler or the guest to do Sal?t in a state of Jan?bah