for a long time before reciting Takb?ratul Ihr?m, to commence Sal?t before the rows are straightened and to make the recitation in the second Rak‘ah longer than the first one. All such acts are Bida‘’. (1) The long standing of the Im?m causes a mess during Sal?t, especially if the Ma’m?m?n are not able to see him; they may recite Takb?ratul Ihr?m before he does, and then a series of mistakes follow. (2)