members started to use the same notions in their statements or joint declarations, this became more and more clear.

The following expressions can be seen in one of the twelve clauses of the “Bishkek-Kirghizstan” declaration, published after the summit in which the five countries participated in August, 1999: “The parties state the importance of an effective struggle against international terrorism, drug and arms smuggling, organized illegal immigration and other forms of crime together with national discrimination and religious radicalism.” However, as can be observed, China and other platform countries are not just struggling with incidents or fighting against terrorism, they have also suggested building a Center for war against Terrorism, Separatism and Radicalism in June 2000, at the Dushanbe-Tajikistan summit before September 11; later they carried out the opening of just such a center. And after one year, the permanent committee of the Chinese parliament decided to approve Shanghai Agreement, which prescribed the struggle against terrorism, separatism and radicalism.33 Here is the question: Is it possible for this forum to produce policies or theses that are separate from the view of China and its new allies? Is there a program over and above that of China?

Without a doubt, the events of September 11 have given an opportunity to China, Russia, and Central Asian countries, even to India and Pakistan. By exploiting the feverish attitude of the West in fighting the Al-Qaida, Islamic movements and even national movements in the region, they have exploited internal calculations with great refinement. China and Russia have started cooperating in the “war against terrorism” at a meeting between the two countries in Beijing on 28.11.2001. Later, the level of coordination between the two countries increased and reached the level of a commitment to “struggle against internal and external terrorism of all kinds and levels” at a meeting of the foreign affairs ministers of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 7.1.2002. This was referred to by the Chinese minister of foreign affairs Jiaxuan, who declared that six countries are preparing for the “establishment of a regional agency for the war against terrorism”. This was not just building a center, but also working to “forming a mechanism for crisis management”. Jiaxuan expressed this as follows: “All member countries support China’s position and its efforts against terrorists in Eastern Turkistan and Russia’s efforts against Chechen terrorists. All perceive these efforts as part of the global war against terrorism.”34 At the end of the meetings, ministers signed a joint declaration and warned against tendencies of “terrorism, separatism and extremism” in all member countries. Even though this declaration reflects the benefits of related countries, in reality the language of the declaration was written on China’s terms. And this supports the following:

1. China has once again started to force its logic and language on the member countries,

2. It has earned regional legitimacy to suppress the Uyghur people in Turkistan,